China Advances in Nuclear Fusion with EAST Reactor

China has recently made strides in nuclear fusion research. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) sustained plasma for 1,000 seconds. This surpasses the previous record of 403 seconds set in 2023. This achievement is vital for the future of fusion energy, paving the way for potential continuous power generation.

About Nuclear Fusion

• Nuclear fusion is the process that powers the sun.
• It involves the merging of atomic nuclei to release energy.
• Unlike nuclear fission, which splits atoms, fusion produces minimal radioactive waste and does not emit greenhouse gases.
• This makes it an attractive energy source for combating climate change and addressing global energy needs.

Importance of Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear fusion is considered the “holy grail” of energy sources. It offers the potential for virtually unlimited energy with minimal environmental impact. As global energy demands increase, fusion could play a critical role in meeting these needs while reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

The EAST Reactor

• EAST is often referred to as China’s “artificial sun.”
• It is located at the Institute of Plasma Physics in Hefei.
• The reactor aims to replicate the sun’s nuclear fusion process.
• It has been operational since 2006 and has undergone extensive testing to improve its efficiency and stability.

The Role of Tokamaks

• A tokamak is an experimental device designed to harness fusion energy.
• Inside a tokamak, fusion energy is absorbed as heat. This heat is then used to produce electricity, similar to conventional power plants. The EAST reactor is a key player in this technology.

Other Fusion Projects in China

China operates several other tokamaks, including HL-2A and J-TEXT. The HL-2M Tokamak, the largest and most advanced fusion device in China, was successfully powered up in December 2020. These projects contribute to China’s commitment to green development and sustainable energy.

International Collaboration

China is a member of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project. This collaboration involves nations such as the European Union, Japan, Korea, Russia, and the United States. The ITER facility aims to be the world’s largest nuclear fusion reactor when operational in 2035, denoting the global effort towards fusion energy.

Month: Current Affairs - January, 2025

Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs