Central India Forests Face High Fire Risk, Study Warns

August 17, 2024

Forests in Khandwa and North Betul, located in Central India, are increasingly at risk of forest fires due to a combination of human activities and natural factors. This concern was highlighted in a study published on August 14, 2024.

Study Overview

The research was led by Vibha Sahu from the Indian Institute of Forest Management. By analyzing 22 years of satellite data from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), the study uncovered a troubling trend: the number of forest fires in Khandwa has been rising by an average of three fires per year, while North Betul has seen an increase of one fire per year.

Fire Risk Assessment

The study found that about 45% of Khandwa’s forests and 50% of North Betul’s forests are now in areas classified as having a high or very high risk of fire. In Khandwa, the most vulnerable areas are in the northern and southeastern regions. In North Betul, the high-risk zones are mainly in the northwestern and northeastern parts.

Factors Influencing Fire Risks

Several factors contribute to the increased fire risks in these forests. The type of vegetation, the shape of the land (topography), and human activities play significant roles. For example, areas near roads or forests with highly flammable trees, like the teak forests in Khandwa, are particularly prone to fires.

Predictive Modelling

The researchers used a method called the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to predict where future fires are most likely to occur. This approach categorizes different areas into five levels of fire risk, helping to focus fire prevention efforts where they are needed most. Local communities contribute to fire risks through certain practices. For example, people often burn undergrowth to harvest mahua flowers and tendu leaves, which unintentionally increases the likelihood of fires. This highlights the need for better education and awareness among these communities about safer ways to manage their resources.

Implications for Conservation

The findings of this study are crucial for conservation efforts. By identifying the most fire-prone areas, authorities can develop effective fire management strategies to protect these forests and the communities that depend on them. The study emphasizes the urgent need for targeted planning and resource allocation to reduce the threat of forest fires in Khandwa and North Betul. Lead researcher Vibha Sahu calls for immediate action to address this growing problem.

About Khandwa

Khandwa, located in Madhya Pradesh, is known for its rich cultural heritage. It is a home to historic sites like the Ujjain and Omkareshwar temples. The city also has historical significance due to its involvement in the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Khandwa is important for its agricultural production, especially of cotton and pulses, and is well-connected by the Indian Railways. Additionally, the sacred Narmada River flows nearby, adding to the region’s cultural significance.

About North Betul

North Betul, part of the Betul district in Madhya Pradesh, is known for its rich biodiversity and forests. The area is home to the Satpura Range, which offers scenic landscapes and a variety of wildlife. Betul is one of India’s top producers of soybeans and hosts an annual Jain festival that celebrates local culture. The region also features historical sites like the Bhimbetka rock shelters, and its tropical climate influences both agriculture and daily life in the area.

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