Breakthrough Method Converts Human Skin Cells into Pluripotent Stem Cells

August 18, 2023

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati and Christian Medical College, Vellore, have successfully developed a technique to transform regular human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells, known as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Unlike conventional methods that involve extracting stem cells from embryos or specific adult body parts, this integration-free approach offers a groundbreaking solution for generating patient-specific cells without ethical or practical concerns.

The team, led by Prof. Rajkumar P Thummer, utilized genes like OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28, and a p53 shRNA to reprogram skin cells into iPSCs, demonstrating their versatility and genetic integrity. The research paves the way for personalized stem-cell therapies targeting various diseases, aligning with India’s commitment to advancing stem cell research.

How have researchers at IIT Guwahati and CMC Vellore achieved the conversion of human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells?

The researchers employed an integration-free method where specific genes such as OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28, and a p53 shRNA were introduced into skin cells. This reprogramming technique successfully transformed the skin cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs).

What are the potential advantages of using iPSCs in comparison to traditional stem cell extraction methods?

Unlike traditional methods that involve ethical and practical challenges, iPSCs offer a solution by being derived from ordinary cells like skin or blood. These iPSCs are patient-specific, reducing the risk of immune rejection when used for transplants.

How do iPSCs open doors for personalized medicine?

iPSCs can be directed to differentiate into specific cell types. This feature enables the creation of patient-specific beta islet cells for diabetes treatment, blood cells for leukemia therapy, and neurons for addressing conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.

What distinguishes this research from previous work on iPSC generation?

The uniqueness of this research lies in its utilization of an integration-free method, which ensures the stability of the genetic makeup of the iPSCs. Additionally, the research emphasizes the absence of bacterial contamination in the produced iPSCs.

How does the collaboration between IIT Guwahati and CMC Vellore contribute to the field of regenerative medicine in India?

The collaboration aligns with India’s commitment to stem cell research and regenerative medicine. By generating iPSCs locally, the research encourages collaborations on a national and international level, ultimately benefiting patients, particularly in the North East region of the country.

What role does the Government of India play in supporting stem cell research?

The Government of India actively supports stem cell research through initiatives like advanced research centers, thematic task forces, and iPSC generation. This commitment spans over two decades and underscores India’s determination to be a leader in stem cell research.

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