Brain Computer Interface

The Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is also called Neural Control Interface or Brain Machine Interface or Mind Machine Interface. It translates the brain signals into commands that are capable of controlling an external software. For instance, typing using mind.

What are the types of Brain Computer Interface?

• There are three major types of BCI. They are non – invasive, invasive and semi – invasive.
• In non – invasive types, the sensors are placed on the scalp. These sensors measure the electric signals. (For easy understanding, it is like a lie detector shown in movies.)
• In invasive types, the sensors are placed directly in to the cortex of the brain.
• In semi – invasive types, the sensors are placed over the exposed surface of the brain.

How does Brain – Computer Interface work?

The brain is constantly generating electrical signals. Assume that the brain is producing electric signal X. X says use your right arm and throw the ball. These signals are carried by the nerves to the right arm. The right arm then throws the ball. The BCI captures X. X is then converted into commands that are given to a robot (computer). The robot throws the ball. This is done without the use of right arm. BCI establishes a connection between the brain and the computer or robot. Thus, BCI is highly helpful among physically disabled persons.

What is the current BCI market?

BCI market is highly growing. It is estimated that the market is to grow to 3.3 billion USD in 2026. It was 1.9 billion USD in 2021. Th BCI market is still evolving.

Who invented BCI?

The term BCI was coined by Professor Jacques Vidal. He began his research on BCI in 1970s in University of California. He is widely recognized as the inventor of Brain – Computer Interface

What is Neuroplasticity that makes BCI possible?

The concept of BCI is possible only because of Neuroplasticity of the brain. Neuroplasticity means the ability of the neural networks in the brain to change, grow and reorganize. Neuron is a single nerve cell. They transmit electric signals in the body. Also, they carry the instructions, that is the electric signals, from the brain to different parts of the body. In simple terms, neuroplasticity of the brain allows a person to read a new book, learn swimming. Suppose the current electric potential or signal in the brain is X. After reading a book, it becomes XYZ. It is only with neuroplasticity the brain is constantly creating new signals.