Bhopal Toxic Waste Disposal Begins in Pithampur

January 1, 2025

A step has been taken to remove hazardous waste from the former Union Carbide factory in Bhopal. This action follows a stern directive from the Madhya Pradesh High Court, which urged authorities to act swiftly to clear the site. The toxic gas methyl isocyanate leaked from the factory in December 1984, resulting in thousands of deaths and long-term health issues for many residents.

Court Mandate and Timeline

The High Court has imposed a four-week deadline for the waste’s removal, citing a history of inaction. Authorities have indicated that the transfer process may commence soon, with potential completion by January 3.

Incineration Procedures

The waste will undergo incineration at Pithampur, with initial burning monitored for harmful residues. If tests indicate safety, the incineration will proceed rapidly; otherwise, it may extend to nine months.

Environmental Safeguards

To prevent air pollution, emissions from the incinerator will pass through four-layer special filters. Continuous monitoring will ensure compliance with environmental standards. The ash will be securely buried to prevent contamination of soil and water.

Key Facts About Bhopal Gas Tragedy

On December 2, 1984, Union Carbide India Ltd. in Bhopal leaked 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas, causing immediate death and widespread health issues.
Causes:
- Inadequate safety measures, poor design of the plant, and cost-cutting led to the leak.
- Failure of refrigeration, shutdown of safety systems, and negligent management.
Impacts:
- Thousands died, and many suffered from respiratory issues, burns, and blindness.
- Soil and water contamination caused long-term environmental damage.
Government Response:
- The Indian government declared Bhopal a disaster zone, set up shelters, and initiated relief in response to this tragedy.
- It later passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985 and negotiated a $470 million settlement with Union Carbide Corporation (UCC).
- Other laws passed after this disaster include the Environment Protection Act, 1986, amendments to the Factories Act, 1948, and the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.

GKToday Notes:
Methyl Isocyanate (MIC): Methyl isocyanate is a highly toxic chemical. It was responsible for the Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984, causing thousands of deaths and long-term health issues.
Pithampur: Pithampur is an industrial town in Madhya Pradesh. It houses about 1,250 units and is located 30 km from Indore, playing role in local industry.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE is essential for worker safety in hazardous environments. It includes gear like gloves, masks, and suits to protect against toxic substances during waste disposal.
Green Corridor: A green corridor is a traffic management strategy. It allows for the expedited transport of hazardous materials, reducing transit time and minimising risks associated with transportation.

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