Ancient Fortified Town Discovered in Saudi Arabia

November 8, 2024

Archaeologists have uncovered a 4,000-year-old fortified town in northwest Saudi Arabia. This site, called al-Natah, reveals vital information about early urbanisation. The discovery was led by French archaeologist Guillaume Charloux. The findings were published in PLOS One earlier this year.

The Location

Al-Natah is situated in Khaybar’s walled oasis. This lush area is surrounded by a dry desert. The town was hidden for centuries, now revealing its historical importance.

The site includes a remarkable 14.5-kilometre wall. This ancient barrier encircled a residential area, indicating organised occupancy. The wall suggests that the town was fortified for protection.

Dating the Site

The town dates back to around 2400 BC, during the early Bronze Age. It is believed to have housed a population of up to 500 residents. This marks the town’s significance in the region’s history.

The discovery marks a pivotal shift from nomadic to urban lifestyles. The authors of the study describe the town as a fortified area measuring 2.6 hectares. It functioned from 2400 to at least 1500 BC, with possible interruptions until 1300 BC.

Town Structure

The town featured nucleated dwellings built on a standard plan. Small streets connected these homes. The layout indicates a degree of planning and organisation typical of urban centres.

Social and Architectural Developments

The findings enhance our understanding of social dynamics during this period. The site includes a probable decision-making zone and a necropolis. This suggests a structured society with defined roles.

Comparison with Other Regions

Researchers compare al-Natah with other oasis centres. Northwestern Arabia during the Bronze Age was dominated by pastoral nomadic groups. These groups were part of long-distance trade networks.

The region featured interconnected monumental walled oases. These were centred around small fortified towns. This network indicates a complex social structure.

Archaeological Insights

The archaeological record shows a trend of ‘low urbanisation’ in North Arabia. This reflects a gradual increase in social complexity during the Early and Middle Bronze Ages.

The discovery at al-Natah is crucial for understanding early urbanisation in the Arabian Peninsula. It provides evidence of how ancient peoples adapted from nomadic lifestyles to settled communities. The site is a testament to the historical significance of urban development in this region.

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