African Union Admitted as Permanent Member of G20

September 12, 2023

The African Union (AU) has been granted permanent membership in the G20 during the 18th G20 Heads of State and Government Summit in New Delhi. This development comes after India’s proposal to include the AU in the G20, marking a significant step in global diplomacy. The AU, comprising 55 African member states, was established in 2002 to promote an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its citizens. It serves as a platform for addressing various social, economic, and political challenges in Africa while emphasizing unity and solidarity among African nations.

Why was the African Union (AU) formed, and how does it differ from its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)?

The AU was formed as the successor to the OAU, which aimed to bring African nations together and support their struggle for independence from colonial rule. The OAU primarily focused on liberation efforts and diplomatic support for liberation movements. In contrast, the AU was established to address broader challenges faced by African nations. It seeks to promote greater unity, solidarity, and socio-economic integration among African countries. Unlike the OAU, the AU concentrates on political, economic, and social integration, peacekeeping missions, and human rights. The AU represents a shift towards addressing contemporary issues and fostering cooperation among African nations beyond liberation.

What are some notable achievements of the African Union (AU) since its establishment?

The AU has achieved several significant milestones since its establishment. It has played a crucial role in peacekeeping missions across Africa, addressing terrorism and preventing violence in various countries. Notable diplomatic efforts have led to conflict resolutions, including the peace deal brokered between the Ethiopian Government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front. Another milestone is the establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the world’s largest free trade area since the WTO’s creation in 1994. AfCFTA aims to boost intra-African trade, increase income by $450 billion by 2035, and enhance regulatory harmonization and coordination.

What are some challenges and shortcomings that the African Union (AU) has faced in its history?

The AU has faced challenges, including its inability to prevent coups in Africa, with more than 200 coups occurring since the 1960s. The AU’s response to coups has been primarily diplomatic, which some criticize as insufficient. Additionally, many member countries fail to pay their annual dues, leaving the organization reliant on external funding and affecting its autonomy. Financial constraints have hindered the AU’s ability to implement initiatives fully. These challenges highlight the need for reform and greater resources. However, the inclusion of the AU in the G20 could potentially strengthen its position and influence on the global stage.

What could be the potential impact of the African Union’s inclusion in the G20?

The AU’s inclusion in the G20 provides an opportunity to amplify African interests and perspectives in global decision-making. It allows the AU to participate in shaping global trade, finance, and investment architecture. This newfound influence can help Africa advocate for reforms that benefit its member countries and contribute to a more equitable global system. The AU’s seat in the G20 can also facilitate discussions on key issues like economic development, trade, and sustainability. Furthermore, it brings visibility to African concerns and priorities within a forum that holds substantial global significance. Overall, the AU’s inclusion in the G20 presents a platform for advancing Africa’s interests on the international stage.

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