“The Shillong Accord failed to achieve peace in Nagaland due to its ambiguous terms.” To what extent do you agree with this view? Discuss in the light of historical context.

The Shillong Accord of 1975 was signed amidst a complex backdrop of political and social changes in India. The circumstances leading to this agreement were decisive in shaping its outcome.

1. Geopolitical Shifts: The emergence of Bangladesh in 1971 diminished the safe haven for Naga insurgents, compelling them to reconsider their strategies.
2. National Policy Changes: The imposition of the Emergency in 1975 allowed the Government of India to adopt a more aggressive stance against insurgency, increasing pressure on Naga factions.
3. Regional Dynamics: The integration of Sikkim into India and the resolution of the Kashmir issue shifted the focus of insurgent groups, creating uncertainty about their future.

The Shillong Accord was intended as a peace agreement between the Government of India and the Naga National Council (NNC). However, its failure to bring lasting peace can be attributed to several factors:

• Ambiguity of Terms: The accord’s vague language regarding disarmament and future discussions led to widespread disillusionment among Naga leaders.
• Perception of Betrayal: Many viewed the agreement as a capitulation to Indian authority, encouraging resentment among underground factions.
• Unmet Aspirations: The demand for a ‘Greater Nagaland’ remained unaddressed, perpetuating the insurgency as groups sought to realise their territorial ambitions.

Thus, the Shillong Accord failed to achieve peace in Nagaland due to its ambiguous terms, perceived betrayal by the Naga people, and unfulfilled aspirations for territorial integrity. The historical context of the time, marked by political changes and the rise of regional tensions, played important role in shaping the attitudes of the stakeholders involved.