Indicator Species

Indicator species are those flora and fauna which define a particular trait or change in the environment. Such species are sensitive to environmental change and can act as early warning regarding adverse environmental changes in particular area.

Lichens as Indicator Species

Lichens are capable to indicate air pollution, water pollution, heavy metals as well as radioactive particles.

Algae as Indicator Species

Algae (seaweeds) are good indicators of heavy metal levels in marine environments and could be used for monitoring such pollutants in seas. According to a new study in the Gulf of Kutch, which receives discharges containing heavy metals from several industries, various species of brown, red and green algae accumulate heavy metals from seawater and sediments. Heavy metals enter various organisms and trigger tissue damage.

Birds as Indicator Species

Birds are considered to be excellent indicator species. There are three main reasons for this. Firstly, they live in every climate and biome; Secondly,  they respond quickly to environmental change and Thirdly, they are relatively easy to track and count.

Other Notes

• Certain molluscs indicate water pollution, while some mosses indicate soil pollution.
• The Mussel Watch Programme is a global project to assess environmental impacts in coastal regions.