What was the estimated population of Mohenjo-daro?

It is difficult to determine the exact population of the ancient Indus Valley city of Mohenjo-daro, as there are no reliable records or census data from that time period. However, based on the size and scale of the city, as well as the estimated population density of similar urban centers from that time period, some scholars have estimated that the population of Mohenjo-daro was around 35,000 to 40,000 people.

Mohenjo-daro was one of the largest and most advanced cities of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, which flourished in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India from about 3300 to 1300 BCE. The city covered an area of about 200 hectares, and was known for its sophisticated urban planning, advanced drainage systems, and well-developed social and cultural institutions. It was a center of trade, manufacturing, and religious activity, and was home to a diverse population of merchants, artisans, and religious leaders.

Despite its size and importance, the exact population of Mohenjo-daro remains a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists. More research is needed to better understand the social and demographic characteristics of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, and to accurately estimate the population of Mohenjo-daro and other cities of the time.