India’s Look West Policy – UGC-NTA NET Political Science

The Look West Policy is aspect of India’s foreign policy, focusing on enhancing relationships with West Asian countries. This initiative aims to strengthen political, economic, and cultural ties, particularly with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. The policy emerged in the early 1990s amidst India’s economic liberalisation, marking a shift in its foreign relations strategy. It seeks to diversify India’s international partnerships beyond its traditional allies.

Historical Background

The Look West Policy was initiated in the early 1990s. This period coincided with substantial economic reforms in India. The policy aimed to reduce dependence on traditional partners like the Soviet Union and engage more with the economically vibrant West Asian region. The Gulf’s strategic importance was recognised, especially concerning energy resources.

Objectives of the Look West Policy

The Look West Policy encompasses several key objectives:

1. Enhancing economic cooperation and trade with West Asian nations.
2. Securing energy resources to ensure energy security.
3. Strengthening political and strategic ties to counterbalance regional influences.
4. Promoting cultural exchanges and people-to-people connections.

Key Components

The Look West Policy has several critical components that guide its implementation:

• Economic Engagement: Focus on trade, investment, and joint ventures.
• Energy Security: Importing oil and gas from Gulf countries.
• Security Cooperation: Collaborating on counter-terrorism and maritime security.
• Cultural Diplomacy: Promoting Indian culture and engaging with the diaspora.

Major Countries Involved

The Look West Policy primarily involves several countries:

Economic Aspects

India’s economic ties with the GCC countries are robust.

• India is one of the largest trading partners for GCC nations.
• The Indian diaspora in the Gulf contributes to remittances.
• Bilateral trade agreements have been established with various West Asian countries.

Political and Strategic Dimensions

India’s political engagement in West Asia includes:

• Participation in regional forums like the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA).
• Engagement in multilateral dialogues addressing security and economic issues.
• Balancing relations with Iran and Saudi Arabia amidst geopolitical tensions.

Cultural and Social Dimensions

Cultural diplomacy plays a vital role in the Look West Policy:

• Promotion of Indian culture through festivals, art, and education.
• Strengthening ties with the Indian diaspora in the region.
• Collaboration in healthcare, education, and technology sectors.

Challenges Faced

The Look West Policy encounters various challenges:

• Geopolitical tensions, especially involving Iran and Saudi Arabia.
• Security concerns related to terrorism and regional instability.
• Balancing relations with multiple countries with differing interests.

Recent Developments

Post-2014, several developments have occurred:

• Increased high-level visits and bilateral agreements.
• Focus on renewable energy partnerships and technology transfer.
• Enhanced cooperation in defence and security sectors.

Impact on India’s Foreign Policy

The Look West Policy has influenced India’s broader foreign policy framework:

• The policy shift towards a more proactive and multi-dimensional foreign policy.
• Strengthening India’s role as a regional power in West Asia.
• Enhancing India’s global standing through strategic partnerships and economic ties.

Through the Look West Policy, India aims to assert itself as a key player in West Asia, navigating complex geopolitical landscapes while encouraging strong bilateral relations. The emphasis on economic cooperation, cultural exchanges, and strategic partnerships marks evolution in India’s foreign policy. This policy not only enhances India’s engagement with its immediate neighbourhood but also positions it as a vital partner in the global arena.