Animal Genetic Resources

Animal genetic resources are crucial for sustainable food production and nutrition. They form the backbone of livestock development. Livestock is vital for the livelihoods of the rural poor, with about 70 per cent depending on them. Proper management of these resources is essential for better production and sustainable systems.

Role in Food Security

Animal genetic resources contribute to food security. They provide essential nutrients and are integral to the diets of many communities. Livestock also supports agricultural practices through services like manure production and pollination. The diversity of these resources enhances resilience against diseases and climate change.

Global Plan of Action

The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources outlines strategic actions for management. It focuses on four key areas:

1. Characterization, Inventory, and Monitoring: This involves understanding the diversity of livestock breeds and their traits.
2. Sustainable Use: It ensures that these resources are used wisely to improve livelihoods.
3. Conservation: This aims to prevent the loss of genetic diversity for future generations.
4. Policies and Capacity Building: Strong policies and institutional frameworks support effective management.

National Responsibilities

National governments hold the primary responsibility for implementing the Global Plan of Action. They must address technical and policy issues related to genetic resources. This includes integrating animal genetics into broader natural resource management and socio-economic development strategies.

Threats to Plant Genetic Resources

Plant genetic resources face threats. Despite 6,000 cultivated plant species, 60 per cent of global crop production relies on just nine crops. This reliance poses a risk to food security. The FAO reports alarming levels of threatened diversity, especially in southern Africa and the Caribbean.

In-Situ and Ex Situ Conservation

In-situ conservation involves preserving plant species in their natural habitats. Approximately 42 per cent of surveyed plant species are threatened. Ex situ conservation, which involves preserving genetic material outside their natural habitats, still faces challenges. Many countries lack the necessary support and infrastructure for effective conservation.

Impact of Climate Change

Climate change threatens agricultural diversity. Erratic weather events impact crop yields and diversity. Many countries struggle to assess these impacts adequately. Reliable sources of seeds and materials are often lacking, especially after disasters.

Case Study – India’s Seed Hubs

India’s agriculture ministry initiated a project to create seed hubs for pulses. This project increased the availability of high-yielding varieties. As a result, pulse production rose from 14.76 million tonnes to 24.42 million tonnes in a decade.

Conclusion on Management Practices

Effective management of animal and plant genetic resources is vital for sustainable agriculture. It requires collaboration among governments, institutions, and communities.

Month: Current Affairs - March, 2025

Category: Agriculture Current Affairs