Wildfire Crisis in Tamil Nadu

March 21, 2025

In recent years, Tamil Nadu has faced increase in wildfire incidents. The state experiences a distinct fire season from February to May. This period coincides with the driest months, creating ideal conditions for wildfires. The rising frequency and intensity of these fires pose serious threats to the environment, wildlife, and human safety.

Fire Season

The fire season in Tamil Nadu typically begins in early February and can last until May. During this time, the forest floor accumulates dry leaves and branches, which serve as fuel for fires. The Chief Minister has noted that many trekking trails close during this period due to safety concerns.

Recent Trends in Wildfires

In 2023-24, Tamil Nadu recorded 3,380 forest fires.
This is increase from previous years, with only 1,035 incidents in 2021-22 and 1,998 in 2022-23.
The state also lost 1.04 kilometre hectare of tree covers from 2001 to 2023, with the highest loss occurring in 2023.

Natural and Human-Induced Causes

While wildfires can occur naturally, approximately 99 per cent of fires in Tamil Nadu are human induced. Common causes include encroachment attempts, poaching activities, careless behaviour by visitors, agricultural burning, and electrical faults.

Monitoring and Management Efforts

The Tamil Nadu government has implemented the Forest Fire Prevention and Management Scheme. This initiative includes creating fire lines, establishing early warning systems, and maintaining firebreaks. The programme is funded by both central and state governments, with a budget of Rs 4.96 crore for 2023-24.

Impact on Ecosystems and Communities

Wildfires threaten local ecosystems and livelihoods. The destruction of forest cover impacts biodiversity and contributes to climate change. Communities dependent on forest resources face economic challenges as their environment deteriorates.

Notable Incidents

Several severe incidents highlight the wildfire crisis. In March 2024, a major fire in Coonoor destroyed over 30 acres of forest. In Kodaikanal, a fire sparked by an electric pole in 2024 marked the first major wildfire in 15 years. The tragic Kurangani fire in 2018 claimed 16 lives, underscoring the dangers of wildfires.

Future Challenges

As climate change continues to exacerbate extreme weather conditions, Tamil Nadu’s wildfire crisis is likely to intensify. The government and communities must work together to implement effective prevention and response strategies.

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