Who are Alawites?

March 11, 2025

The Syrian conflict has escalated dramatically in recent years. Following the rise of a new government in December 2024, violence erupted, resulting in over 1,000 deaths in just two days. The new regime, which emerged after the ousting of long-time leader Bashar al-Assad, is reportedly targeting the Alawite community. This group, historically aligned with the Assad regime, now faces severe consequences due to its perceived loyalty to the former government.

About the Alawites

The Alawites are a religious minority in Syria, constituting about 12% of the population.
Their roots lie in Shia Islam, with the term “Alawite” meaning “follower of Ali.”
The sect originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, influenced by the teachings of Mohammad ibn Nusayr.
Alawite beliefs are eclectic, incorporating elements of Christianity and ancient Iranian practices.
Their rituals include the use of wine and a belief in reincarnation.
Historically, Alawites have faced persecution from various religious and political groups.

Historical Context of Alawite Power

The Alawite community gained political power during the French colonial period in the early 20th century. The establishment of separate local governments for different religious groups allowed Alawites to gain influence. This trend continued in the 1960s and 70s when Hafez al-Assad, an Alawite, assumed power. His regime, and later that of his son Bashar, maintained a tight grip on power, often suppressing dissent even within their own sect.

The Arab Spring and Its Aftermath

The Arab Spring in the early 2010s led to widespread protests against authoritarian regimes across the Middle East. In Syria, protests against the Assad regime were met with violent repression. The government received military support from Russia and Iran, which helped it maintain control. However, as regional dynamics shifted, anti-government groups began to regain strength, culminating in the fall of the Assad regime in 2024.

Current Situation and Future Implications

Since the new government took power, the situation for Alawites has become precarious. Despite initial promises of tolerance, recent violence suggests a potential for renewed persecution. The commitment to protect minority communities is now under scrutiny as the conflict evolves. The fate of the Alawites remains uncertain amid ongoing tensions and the possibility of a power vacuum.

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