Hantavirus

March 10, 2025

Recently, the tragic deaths of actor Gene Hackman and his wife Betsy Arakawa drew attention to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Arakawa’s death, attributed to HPS, brought into light the dangers of this rodent-borne virus.

What is Hantavirus?

Hantavirus comprises a group of viruses carried by rodents. These viruses are transmitted to humans through contact with rodent urine, faeces, or saliva. The primary carriers of the most common hantavirus in the United States are deer mice. Hantavirus does not spread between humans.

Types of Hantavirus Diseases

Hantavirus diseases vary by region. The most notable types include hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). HPS is primarily found in the Americas, while HFRS is prevalent in Europe and Asia. Each type is linked to specific rodent hosts.

Symptoms of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

Symptoms of HPS typically appear one to eight weeks after exposure. Initial symptoms resemble the flu, including fatigue, fever, and muscle aches. As the disease progresses, patients may experience severe respiratory issues, such as shortness of breath and chest tightness. Approximately 38% of those who develop respiratory symptoms may die from HPS.

Treatment and Prevention

Currently, there is no cure for HPS. Early detection is crucial for effective management. Supportive care, including respiratory assistance, may be necessary for severe cases. Preventive measures include cleaning areas with potential rodent infestations using disinfectants and avoiding activities that can aerosolise droppings.

Public Health Awareness

Awareness of hantavirus is essential in areas where infected rodents are common. Public health officials recommend using protective gear when cleaning rodent droppings. Education on the risks associated with hantavirus can help reduce transmission and safeguard health.

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