Lithuania Exits Cluster Bomb Convention

March 8, 2025

Lithuania has recently withdrawn from the international convention banning cluster bombs. This decision is driven by security concerns regarding Russia. The move has faced backlash from human rights organisations. Lithuania’s actions signal a shift in defence strategy amidst rising tensions in Eastern Europe.

Cluster Bomb Convention

The Convention on Cluster Munitions was adopted in 2008 and came into force on 1st August 2010. It prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs. These weapons release multiple smaller explosives, which can remain dangerous long after conflicts end. The convention currently has 112 state parties and aims to protect civilians from the indiscriminate nature of cluster munitions.

Background

Lithuania, a Baltic country with 2.8 million people, was once part of the Soviet Union. After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Lithuania wants to strengthen its defenses, fearing it could be targeted next if Russia succeeds.
Lithuania, which is part of the EU and NATO, is the first country to leave the convention that was created in 2008. It is also the first EU country to leave an international arms control agreement.
Russia and Ukraine are not part of this convention, and both have used cluster bombs in their war that has lasted three years.

Potential Impact on Regional Security

Lithuania’s withdrawal could encourage a dangerous trend among other nations. It raises questions about the future of humanitarian disarmament treaties, especially in regions facing security crises. The situation is particularly sensitive as neighbouring countries assess their own military strategies.

Future Considerations for Lithuania

Lithuania is also contemplating leaving the Anti-Personnel Landmines Convention. While the military supports this move, government leaders are cautious. They are considering the reactions of regional allies before making a final decision. The potential reintroduction of landmines is under evaluation by Finland’s armed forces as well.

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