SE2000 Semi-Cryogenic Engine

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has made strides in developing a semi-cryogenic engine, specifically the SE2000. This engine is crucial for enhancing the power of launch vehicles. Recently, ISRO conducted a successful hot test known as the Power Head Test Article (PHTA). This test marks a very important step towards finalising the engine’s design and functionality.

About the Semi-Cryogenic Engine

The semi-cryogenic engine uses a combination of liquid oxygen and kerosene. This configuration is advantageous due to its high-density impulse, lower toxicity, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional cryogenic engines that use liquid hydrogen. The semi-cryogenic engine offers an enhanced thrust of 2,000 kiloNewtons (kN), making it suitable for various space missions.

Significance of the Power Head Test Article

The PHTA is a critical precursor test. It validates the integrated performance of various engine subsystems. These include the gas generator, turbo pumps, and control components. The hot-firing test lasts no more than 4.5 seconds. This brief duration is essential for assessing the engine’s capabilities without risking extensive damage.

Progress and Challenges

Prior to the recent success, a test in July 2023 was aborted due to a technical glitch. This setback did not deter ISRO’s commitment to developing the semi-cryogenic engine. Continuous refinements have led to the successful PHTA. Sixteen hot tests have been completed to characterise pre-burner ignition, important aspect of engine performance.

Future Developments – Launch Vehicle Mk III

ISRO is enhancing the Launch Vehicle Mk III (LVM3). The upcoming C32 cryogenic upper stage will increase payload capacity by 25%. This upgrade allows for carrying additional propellant, extending mission life. The LVM3 aims to improve its launch capacity from 4 tonnes to 5.1 tonnes at Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit without increasing costs.

Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)

The NGLV is being developed for future missions, including the Gaganyaan programme. This vehicle will be human-rated and is designed for high payload capability and reusability. It will feature a reusable first stage and a cryogenic upper stage. The NGLV aims to deliver a maximum payload of 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit.

Innovative Propulsion Systems

ISRO is also exploring advanced propulsion systems. These systems could enable launch vehicles to recover and reuse components post-launch. The goal is to switch from standard engines to cryogenic engines during flight, covering long distances efficiently.

Month: Current Affairs - March, 2025

Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs