Ganga Water Treaty

The Ganga Water Treaty, signed in 1996, will expire in 2026. This upcoming meeting between India and Bangladesh is crucial for future water-sharing agreements. Bangladesh seeks a larger share of dry-season water, denoting severe shortages affecting agriculture. The backdrop includes rising tensions following political changes in Bangladesh and unresolved disputes over water-sharing, notably the Teesta River.

Background of the Ganga Water Treaty

The Ganga River has been a source of conflict between India and Bangladesh for decades. The Farakka Barrage, operational since 1975, was built to manage water flow but intensified disputes. The treaty established a framework for sharing water, recognising Bangladesh as a lower riparian state. It aims to balance the needs of both countries while addressing historical grievances.

Key Provisions of the Treaty

The treaty outlines specific water-sharing formulas based on the Ganga’s flow at the Farakka Barrage during the dry season. If water availability is 70,000 cusecs or less, both countries receive equal shares. The treaty also guarantees minimum water flow for both nations during critical periods. A Joint Rivers Commission was formed to oversee compliance and resolve disputes.

Importance of Upcoming Talks

The upcoming discussions are as they mark the 86th round of negotiations. Bangladesh has called for a more comprehensive approach, addressing all transboundary rivers. The Ganga Water Treaty is currently the only functional water-sharing agreement between the two countries. The outcome of these talks could influence future agreements on other rivers.

Challenges and Future Considerations

The treaty faces challenges due to climate change and shifting water flows. Experts warn that if the treaty expires without renewal, India may not feel obligated to share water. This could exacerbate existing tensions and impact the ecologically fragile Sunderbans delta. A more holistic and climate-resilient agreement is essential for sustainable water management.

Geographical and Ecological Context

The Ganga flows through diverse landscapes, forming delta before entering the Bay of Bengal. This region is ecologically vital, supporting diverse wildlife and human livelihoods. Changes in water flow can have far-reaching implications for agriculture, fisheries, and biodiversity.

Month: Current Affairs - March, 2025

Category: International / World Current Affairs