US Designates Latin American Criminal Groups as Terrorists

February 24, 2025

Recently, the United States designated eight Latin American criminal organisations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). This decision has stirred debate regarding its implications for US foreign policy and regional stability. The groups named include Tren de Aragua, Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), and Cartel de Sinaloa. Critics argue that the designation could exacerbate tensions between the US and Latin American countries, particularly Mexico.

Definition of Foreign Terrorist Organizations

Foreign Terrorist Organizations are entities designated by the US Secretary of State.
This designation is based on criteria outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act.
To qualify, an organisation must either engage in terrorist activities or possess the capability and intent to do so.
The definition of terrorism includes acts such as sabotage, kidnapping, and murder.

Consequences of Designation

The designation as an FTO carries legal implications. It is illegal for individuals in the US to provide material support to these organisations. Material support includes a wide range of resources, from financial assistance to training and equipment. Additionally, US financial institutions must block transactions involving assets of designated FTOs. This measure aims to curb terror financing effectively.

Criticism of the Designation

Many critics argue that the groups designated do not fit the traditional definition of terrorist organisations. They contend that these groups primarily engage in criminal activities without the ideological motivations typical of terrorism. Concerns have been raised that this designation could be used to justify increased military action against these groups, particularly on Mexican soil. Critics fear that it may lead to human rights violations under the guise of combating terrorism.

Impact on US-Mexico Relations

The designation has raised alarms in Mexico, where seven of the eight groups have strong ties. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has expressed concerns about violations of national sovereignty. She has emphasised that Mexico will not tolerate foreign interference. However, she also noted potential opportunities for collaboration with the US in combating drug cartels.

Historical Context of US Intervention

The history of US intervention in Latin America has often been controversial. Past actions have included military interventions and support for various regimes. Critics argue that the current designation might invoke similar patterns of intervention, potentially destabilising the region further. The rhetoric surrounding migration and crime has intensified, complicating diplomatic relations.

Regional Reactions

The designation has elicited mixed reactions across Latin America. Some leaders express solidarity with Mexico, while others caution against potential US overreach. The focus on criminal organisations as terrorists could shift the narrative, conflating migration issues with national security concerns. This could lead to further tensions in an already complex geopolitical landscape.

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