Guillain-Barré Syndrome Cases in Andhra Pradesh

February 19, 2025

Recently, the state of Andhra Pradesh has witnessed a rise in Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) cases, prompting government action. The Chief Minister has ordered an investigation into the outbreak. Earlier this year, Maharashtra also reported rising cases of GBS.

About Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.
GBS is characterised by muscle weakness and paralysis.
It typically starts with weakness, tingling, or numbness in the limbs.
Symptoms can progress rapidly, leading to paralysis that may last from six months to a year.
The syndrome affects nerves responsible for muscle movement and sensation.
While it can occur at any age, it is more common in adult males.

Causes and Triggers

The exact cause of GBS remains unknown. However, it often follows infections, either bacterial or viral. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s nerves after such infections. Some rare cases have been linked to vaccinations or surgeries, but these instances are minimal compared to the risks associated with infections like influenza.

Recent Statistics and Cases

In 2024, Andhra Pradesh reported 301 GBS cases across several hospitals. Recently, 43 new cases were reported, with 17 patients currently receiving treatment.

Impact of COVID-19

There have been reports of GBS cases linked to COVID-19 infections. Some individuals have developed GBS after receiving certain COVID-19 vaccines. A subcommittee of the World Health Organisation noted rare occurrences of GBS following adenovirus vector vaccines. However, the incidence of GBS post-vaccination is low, and the benefits of vaccination generally outweigh the risks.

Public Health Response

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is investigating the recent surge in GBS cases. Bio-pollution has been suggested as a potential cause. The health department is closely monitoring the situation and ensuring that necessary medical supplies are available.

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