New Species of Conundrum

February 3, 2025

Recent research has revealed findings regarding cardamom, often referred to as the ‘Queen of Spices’. An international team has identified six close relatives of Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), expanding our understanding of this vital spice. This discovery may enhance spice production and conservation efforts. The research involved scientists from Denmark, India, Colombia, Czech Republic, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the U.K.

Discovery of New Cardamom Species

Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), known as the “Queen of Spices,” was earlier thought to be the only species in its genus.
Researchers have now identified six other species closely related to it.
Four of these species were earlier placed under a different genus, Alpinia.
Two new species—Elettaria facifera and Elettaria tulipifera—were discovered in Kerala’s Western Ghats.

Geographical Findings

Elettaria facifera was found in Periyar Tiger Reserve, Idukki district.
Elettaria tulipifera was found in Agasthyamalai Hills (Thiruvananthapuram) and Munnar (Idukki).

Unique Features of New Species

Elettaria facifera: Recognized for its open-mouth-shaped fruit, locally called ‘Vai noki elam’ by the Mannan tribe.
Elettaria tulipifera: Has a tulip-shaped flower structure with large, red bracts.

Economic Importance of Green Cardamom

It is one of the three most economically significant spices, after saffron and vanilla.
The seed capsules of Elettaria cardamomum are the source of commercial green cardamom.

Historical & Linguistic Connection

The genus Elettaria gets its name from the old Malayalam word “elletari,” as recorded in the 17th-century botanical work Hortus Malabaricus.

Need for Conservation

Both new species are under threat from natural causes and human activities.
Scientists emphasize conservation efforts to protect these newly identified genetic resources.

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