India’s Defence Strategy on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems

February 1, 2025

India’s Defence Ministry recently conducted a pilot study on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). This study marks the transformative potential of these technologies. It raises critical questions regarding control, accountability, and ethical deployment. The study was carried out in collaboration with the Manohar Parrikar Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses.

Importance of Artificial Intelligence in Defence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is central to modern military strategies.
It allows for the development of systems that can operate without human intervention.
The Defence Ministry identifies AI as crucial for maintaining strategic autonomy.
This is essential in a world where technological superiority defines military advantage.

Current Challenges in AI Integration

India’s defence manufacturers are in the early stages of incorporating AI into military platforms. The complexity of autonomous systems poses challenges.
Additionally, international export controls on AI components complicate development.
There is an urgent need for India to develop sovereign capabilities in critical technologies.

Global Context and Competitive Landscape

Over 50 countries are developing their own AI strategies for defence.
This includes major powers and allies such as Germany, Japan, and South Korea.
There is a global race to integrate AI into military operations. This competition occurs amid geopolitical changes and a scramble for resources essential for AI development.

India’s Strategic Initiatives

India established an AI task force in 2018, followed by the Defence AI Council and Defence AI Project Agency.
These initiatives aim to identify priority areas for AI in defence.
Currently, 75 priority areas have been outlined. The armed services are collaborating with the Innovations for Defence Excellence initiative to enhance AI integration.

Responsible Use of AI in Military

India advocates for responsible AI use in military applications.
At the UN, India has called for discussions on LAWS by a Group of Governmental Experts.
Although India abstained from a 2024 UNGA resolution on LAWS, it has participated in discussions on responsible AI in the military domain.
India seeks a balanced approach that aligns with international humanitarian law.

Framework for Trustworthy AI

The Defence Ministry has adopted a framework for evaluating trustworthy AI. This framework is based on five core principles – reliability, transparency, fairness, privacy, and safety. These principles ensure that AI use in defence adheres to humanitarian concerns.

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