New A(H5N1) Avian Flu Strain Shows Increase Airborne Spread

December 6, 2024

A new strain of bird flu, A(H5N1) has emerged and spreads more easily through the air, which was first identified by a dairy worker in Texas. The strain has also been found in polecats and minks. Researchers at Erasmus University Medical Center conducted a study that revealed specific mutations in the virus.

Key Mutations Identified

The mutations PB2-E627K and PB2-T271A enhance the virus’s ability to transmit. These changes were observed in ferrets, which are commonly used for flu research. The study brought to light the potential for this strain to infect mammals, including humans.

Transmission and Infection Rates

The current strain, known as clade 2.3.4.4b, has been spreading among various animals, which has a low infection rate but poses risks for milk contamination. The virus has been detected in dairy cows across 15 U.S. states, affecting 695 dairy herds.

Ferrets were exposed to airborne samples of the virus in experiments. Researchers tested multiple strains, including the 2009 H1N1 and various H5N1 strains. One in four ferrets became infected with strains from polecats and dairy workers.

Comparative Analysis of Virus Strains

Newer H5N1 viruses shed more infectious particles than older versions. This suggests they may be evolving to infect mammals more effectively. The study found that these viruses replicate better in the upper respiratory tract, increasing airborne transmission potential.

In response to the outbreak, the UK has ordered over five million doses of a human H5 influenza vaccine. Officials stress the need to prepare for various flu viruses that could threaten human health. The situation remains under close observation.

GKToday Facts for Exams:
PB2-E627K: This specific mutation in the bird flu virus enhances its transmission capabilities. It was identified through research involving ferrets, which are key models for flu studies.
Clade 2.3.4.4b: This strain of H5N1 is currently circulating globally. It has been linked to infections in birds, mammals, and humans, raising public health concerns.
Erasmus University Medical Center: Located in the Netherlands, this institution conducts vital research on infectious diseases. It played important role in identifying mutations in the bird flu virus.

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