What is Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)?

November 22, 2024

India’s aquaculture sector is rapidly expanding and ranks as the second-largest producer of farmed fish globally. This growth supports food security, job creation, and economic development. Shrimp farming plays a role in agricultural exports, which increasing global demand for fish drives the need for more intensive farming methods.

Intensive Fish Farming Practices

Fish farmers are adopting higher stocking densities, which rely on external inputs such as feed and chemicals. This intensification raises the risk of diseases. Consequently, the use of antibiotics in aquaculture has become common.

Advanced Aquaculture Technologies

To mitigate risks, India is embracing innovative approaches. Biofloc Technology (BFT) and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) are gaining traction. These methods enhance production efficiency and sustainability, which also improve disease control measures.

Biofloc Technology (BFT)

BFT utilises beneficial bacteria to maintain water quality. These bacteria break down waste, converting it into nutrients for fish. This process reduces water pollution and the need for antibiotics. BFT systems include aeration and filtration to ensure oxygen levels remain optimal. They are suitable for small-scale farmers and can be implemented in limited spaces. However, initial setup costs can be high.

Government Support and Research Initiatives

The Department of Fisheries promotes advanced methods through subsidies. National and state-level programmes support farmers in adopting these technologies. Research institutions like ICAR-CIFA and ICAR-CIBA are actively involved. They study these methods and provide assistance to farmers.

Success Stories Across India

Studies by organisations like the Centre for Science and Environment highlight successful implementations. States such as Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana showcase positive outcomes. Farmers, aided by local fisheries departments and scientists, benefit from sustainable practices. These initiatives demonstrate the potential of innovative aquaculture in India.

Important Facts for Exams:
Biofloc Technology (BFT): BFT employs beneficial bacteria to purify fish tank water. It converts waste into nutrients, reducing pollution and antibiotic use while being cost-effective for small-scale farmers.
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS): RAS recirculates water in fish farming, enhancing sustainability. It minimises water usage and improves disease control, making it suitable for diverse aquaculture operations.
ICAR-CIFA: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture conducts research on aquaculture technologies. It supports farmers by developing sustainable practices and improving fish farming efficiency.
Centre for Science and Environment: This organisation evaluates environmental impacts of aquaculture technologies. Their studies in states like Andhra Pradesh and Odisha highlight successful sustainable practices in fish farming.

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