What is Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)?

High-altitude trekking poses serious health risks, as demonstrated by a recent incident in Uttarakhand. Tourists often face life-threatening conditions due to low oxygen levels, making awareness of these risks crucial for safety.

About High-Altitude Sickness

High-altitude sickness, or Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), occurs above 2,400 meters. The body struggles with reduced oxygen. Early symptoms include headache, nausea, and fatigue. If untreated, AMS can progress to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Both conditions are life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

Body’s Response to Altitude

At high altitudes, the body adapts by increasing breathing rates and producing more red blood cells. This adaptation can stress the heart and lungs. Severe conditions like HAPE make breathing difficult, while HACE can cause confusion and unconsciousness.

Healthcare Challenges in the Himalayas

Many Himalayan regions lack adequate healthcare facilities. While places like Leh have developed altitude-related medical centres, most areas do not. Implementing health screenings at entry points could prevent tragedies. A mandatory tourist registration system could monitor visitors and enable quick responses in emergencies.

Prevention Strategies

To avoid high-altitude sickness, ascend slowly. Experts recommend resting every 3-4 days. Do not increase sleeping altitude by more than 500 metres daily after 3,000 metres. For those at risk, medications like acetazolamide may assist. Consult a doctor for pre-existing conditions.

Treatment for High-Altitude Sickness

Immediate descent is the most effective treatment for high-altitude sickness. Symptoms often improve after descending 300-1,000 metres. Oxygen support or hyperbaric chambers can aid in emergencies, but descent remains paramount.

Recommended Safety Improvements

Enhancing safety in the Himalayas is vital. Suggestions include establishing advanced medical centres, creating research facilities for altitude illnesses, and introducing air-ambulance services. Clear health guidelines should be available on government websites and at tourist check-in points.

Important Facts for Exams:

1. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): AMS occurs at elevations above 2,400 metres. Symptoms include headache and nausea. If untreated, it can lead to severe conditions like HAPE and HACE.
2. High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): HAPE is a life-threatening condition caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs. It complicates breathing. Immediate descent is essential for recovery and can improve symptoms.
3. High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): HACE involves fluid build-up in the brain. Symptoms may include confusion and hallucinations. It requires urgent medical attention and is often fatal without swift intervention.

Month: Current Affairs - November, 2024

Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs