Darjeeling Zoo’s Innovative Conservation for Endangered Species

November 7, 2024

The Padmaja Naidu Zoological Park in Darjeeling is leading conservation efforts for Himalayan species, particularly the red panda. In June 2024, it established India’s first genetic biobank to preserve DNA from endangered animals. This initiative aims to combat extinction through genetic diversity.

Conservation Breeding Programme

The zoo has initiated a unique conservation breeding and rewilding programme for red pandas. Julie, a red panda, along with two others, is being trained for reintroduction into the wild. Caretaker Chhetri focuses on developing their anti-human instincts. This programme is crucial for the survival of red pandas, whose population is dwindling.

Importance of Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity is essential for the health of a species. Inbreeding depression occurs when animals breed within a limited population, leading to weakened immunity and lower survival rates. The zoo’s genetic biobank addresses this issue by preserving genetic material from various individuals.

Tourism and Public Engagement

Red pandas have become a symbol of Darjeeling, attracting thousands of tourists. The zoo sees around 18,000 visitors daily during peak seasons. Local businesses promote red panda sightings, enhancing community engagement in conservation efforts.

Rewilding Efforts

Rewilding requires extensive training for captive-bred animals. The zoo has successfully released nine red pandas into the wild since 2002. The aim is to release at least 20 over the next five years. Training includes climbing trees, foraging, and recognising predators.

Challenges in Rewilding Snow Leopards

While the zoo has a breeding programme for snow leopards, rewilding them poses greater challenges. Their natural habitat is not in Darjeeling, and training large carnivores is complex. The zoo remains committed to their conservation but focuses currently on red pandas.

Conservation of Other Species

The zoo also works to conserve the Himalayan newt, a lesser-known species. Though not popular, it is vital to maintain ecosystem balance. The zoo has bred nearly 50 of these newts, showcasing its commitment to all endangered species.

Role of Veterinary Science

Veterinarian Joy Dey plays a crucial role in the zoo’s conservation efforts. He conducts research on animal health and anaesthesia protocols. His work contributes to the zoo’s scientific knowledge, enhancing care for all species.

Establishment of the Genetic Biobank

The genetic biobank is a groundbreaking facility for Indian zoos. It stores DNA samples from nine endangered Himalayan species. This resource ensures that genetic material is preserved for future breeding efforts, aiding in species recovery.

Methodology of DNA Preservation

DNA samples are collected from various tissues and stored in liquid nitrogen at -197℃. This process safeguards the genetic material for future use, including research and potential breeding programmes.

Global Significance

The work being done at the Darjeeling Zoo contributes to a broader understanding of conservation. By sharing research findings, the zoo supports global efforts to protect endangered species and their habitats.

While the genetic biobank offers a safety net for endangered species, experts stress the importance of habitat protection. Conservation must focus on preserving natural ecosystems to ensure the survival of species in the wild.

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