Luong Cuong, New President of Vietnam

October 23, 2024

Vietnam elected Luong Cuong as its new president. This marks the fourth president in 18 months. Cuong, a 67-year-old military general, replaces To Lam, who was appointed as the general secretary of the Communist Party in August. The general secretary is the most powerful position in Vietnam, while the presidency is largely ceremonial.

Luong Cuong’s Background

Luong Cuong has a long military career, serving in the Vietnamese army for over 40 years. He became a member of the Politburo in 2021. His experience in the military may influence his approach to governance and foreign policy.

Cuong’s appointment comes after a tumultuous political period in Vietnam. The death of former party general secretary Nguyen Phu Trong created a power vacuum. Trong was known for his strict anti-corruption campaign, which he called the “blazing furnace.” This campaign targeted both political and business elites, leading to political shake-ups.

Anti-Corruption Campaign

The anti-corruption campaign launched by Trong was aimed at maintaining the Communist Party’s legitimacy. It resulted in the downfall of several high-profile officials, including former presidents and the head of parliament. The campaign was popular among citizens but created unease among investors, slowing down decision-making in the government.

To Lam’s Transition

To Lam, who was previously the top security official, led the anti-corruption efforts until May. After becoming general secretary, he promised to continue the fight against corruption. His decision to step down from the presidency is seen as a commitment to collective leadership, allowing for a more stable political environment.

Analysts view Cuong’s appointment as a move to stabilise Vietnam’s political system after recent upheavals. Nguyen Khac Giang from the ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute suggests that this change aims to restore balance between military and security factions ahead of the 2026 Party Congress.

Concerns Over Repression

Critics express concerns that Cuong’s presidency may lead to increased repression in Vietnam. Ben Swanton from the 88 Project argues that Cuong will act as a “reliable deputy” to Lam. This could signal a continuation of the government’s tight control over dissent and freedom of expression.

Vietnam’s leaders are preparing for the upcoming Communist Party Congress in early 2026. This congress will be crucial for shaping the country’s future policies and leadership dynamics. Cuong’s presidency could influence the direction of Vietnam’s governance and its approach to both domestic and international issues.

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