Andhra Pradesh to Scrap 2 Child Policy for Local Elections

October 20, 2024

On October 20, 2024, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu announced plans to introduce legislation requiring local body election candidates to have two or more children. This move aims to address concerns about the state’s ageing population and declining birth rates. The government previously enforced a two-child policy that restricted candidates with more than two children from contesting elections.

Background of the Two-Child Policy

The two-child policy was introduced in 1994 in united Andhra Pradesh. It aimed to control population growth by barring individuals with more than two children from participating in local body elections. This policy also impacted access to government jobs and benefits in some states. Over the years, the policy faced criticism due to its implications for democratic representation.

Current Demographic Concerns

Chief Minister Naidu brought into light alarming trends in Andhra Pradesh’s demographics. The fertility rate in the state has dropped to 1.5, below the national average of 2.1. This decline raised concerns about the future population balance, particularly regarding the proportion of elderly residents. Naidu warned that if current trends continue, Andhra Pradesh could face a severe ageing crisis by 2047.

Impact of Youth Migration

Naidu also pointed out the migration of young people from rural areas to urban centres and abroad. Many villages are now left with predominantly elderly populations. This migration exacerbates the demographic challenges, leading to a potential imbalance in the age structure of the population.

Global Comparisons

The Chief Minister drew parallels between Andhra Pradesh and other countries facing similar demographic issues. Nations like Japan, China, and several European countries are grappling with the consequences of ageing populations. These countries have seen an important rise in the elderly share of their populations, leading to socio-economic challenges.

Legislative Changes Proposed

To counteract these demographic trends, Naidu proposed a new law that would allow only individuals with two or more children to contest local body elections. This legislation aims to incentivise families to have more children. The Chief Minister has expressed that having more children is not just a personal choice but a societal responsibility.

Historical Perspective on Population Control

Naidu acknowledged his previous stance on population control, which led to the initial implementation of the two-child policy. He emphasised that while he once feared overpopulation would strain resources, the current situation necessitates a shift in perspective. The focus has now moved towards ensuring a stable and youthful population for the future.

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