New Antarctic Dragonfish Species Discovered by Researchers

September 6, 2024

Antarctica’s waters are incredibly rich in marine life, with many species still unknown to science. Recent research by William & Mary’s Virginia Institute of Marine Science has revealed a new species of fish in the Antarctic Peninsula. This new species is called the Banded Dragonfish (Akarotaxis gouldae).

Identification of the New Species

Researchers discovered the Banded Dragonfish while studying tiny sea creatures called zooplankton. Initially, they thought it was a different species, Akarotaxis nudiceps. However, as the fish grew, they noticed it had distinct features that set it apart. These features include two dark vertical bands and other unique traits that helped in its accurate identification.

Naming the New Species

The Banded Dragonfish is named after the Laurence M Gould, an Antarctic research vessel that played a significant role in scientific exploration but has now been retired. The Banded Dragonfish has a slim body, a broad snout, a long mouth, and large, oval-shaped eyes. Its most distinguishing features are the two dark bands on its sides.

How Researchers Studied the Fish

Researchers used genetic tests and a method called phylogenetic analysis to understand the evolution of this fish. They found that Akarotaxis gouldae and Akarotaxis nudiceps split into different species about 780,000 years ago. This separation likely occurred because of the isolated, glacial conditions that led to them becoming distinct species over time. The Banded Dragonfish is found only in the deep waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Studying this fish is challenging because it lives in very deep and remote areas of the ocean.

Significance of the Discovery

Finding Akarotaxis gouldae highlights the rich but hidden diversity in Antarctic waters. It also shows there could be many more unknown species waiting to be discovered as scientists continue exploring this under-researched area.

Facts About Antarctic Dragonfish

Habitat: Lives in very deep Antarctic waters, up to 2,000 meters deep.
Body: Transparent bodies to help them blend in and special proteins in their blood to stop ice from forming.
Diet: Eats small fish and krill.
Size: Can grow up to 38 cm long.
Bioluminescence: Their bodies can glow in the dark, helping them communicate and hide from predators.
Unique Features: No scales and has long teeth to catch prey.

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