New Orchid Species Discovered in Sikkim

A newly discovered orchid species, Gastrodia indica, was found in Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary in Sikkim, India, by botanist Madhusudan Khanal. This orchid is notable because it does not open its flowers, a rare trait among orchids, making it the first known cleistogamous orchid in India.

Discovery Details

Gastrodia indica was found at an altitude of 1,950 to 2,100 meters. This discovery increases the number of Gastrodia species in India to ten. Khanal also prepared herbarium specimens to preserve samples of this new find.

Cleistogamy Explained

Cleistogamous plants, like Gastrodia indica, produce flowers that stay closed. This is different from chasmogamous flowers, which open up for pollination. Staying closed helps Gastrodia indica to self-pollinate, which is useful in its specific environment.

Ecological Relations

Gastrodia indica is a holomycotrophic plant, meaning it depends entirely on fungi for its nutrients because it lacks chlorophyll. It grows in moist, decaying leaf litter and is found near tree species like Magnolia doltsopa and Acer campbelli. There are fewer than 100 Gastrodia indica plants observed. Its small population and specialized habitat make it vulnerable to threats. Any disturbance in its environment could risk its survival.

Significance of Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary

Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary is important for protecting a wide range of wildlife and plants, including rare species. It provides a safe haven for endangered animals and is a key habitat for orchids and other sensitive plants. The sanctuary also offers beautiful views of the Khangchendzonga mountain range.

About Orchids

Orchids are one of the largest plant families, with over 25,000 species. They grow on every continent except Antarctica. Some orchids have evolved to mimic female insects to attract male pollinators. Vanilla, the only edible orchid, comes from the Vanilla planifolia genus. Orchids can live for many years, and their seeds are very small, often needing specific fungi to grow. Some orchids, like the Ghost Orchid, lack chlorophyll and depend entirely on their host for nutrients.

About Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary

Located in Sikkim, India, Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary covers 51.76 square kilometers. Established in 2001, it is home to diverse plant and animal species, including endangered ones like the Red Panda and Himalayan Black Bear. The sanctuary is part of the Khangchendzonga biosphere reserve, with rich biodiversity that includes over 118 bird species and many orchids. It also plays a crucial role in supporting the local water supply and features a range of ecosystems due to its elevation, which ranges from 1,800 to 3,000 meters.

Month: Current Affairs - August, 2024

Category: Agriculture Current Affairs