German Scientists Discover Plastic-Eating Fungi for Waste Reduction

August 13, 2024

Scientists in Germany have found fungi that can eat plastic, which could help tackle the global problem of plastic pollution. Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic waste end up in the oceans. While these plastic-eating fungi offer a promising solution, experts warn that relying on fungi alone won’t solve the problem. It’s still essential to focus on reducing plastic waste at its source to effectively address this widespread issue. Research at Lake Stechlin found that certain microfungi can break down synthetic plastics even without extra carbon sources. These fungi can turn some plastics into biomass.

Key Findings

The study identified 18 fungal strains, with four showing a strong ability to degrade plastics, especially polyurethane. However, plastics like polyethylene, used in bags and packaging, break down more slowly. Microplastics from tire wear are also challenging due to harmful additives.

Limitations of Fungi in Pollution Mitigation

Despite the fungi’s potential, Hans-Peter Grossart warns that they shouldn’t be the only solution for reducing plastic waste. The breakdown of plastics still releases CO2, similar to burning fossil fuels. The fungi’s effectiveness also depends on environmental conditions, such as temperature and nutrients. The research highlights the need for broad strategies to cut down plastic production and waste.

Global Plastic Production Trends

In 2021, global plastic production soared to 390 million tonnes, up from just 1.7 million tonnes in 1950. Even though recycling rates have improved, less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for better waste management solutions.

About Plastic-Eating Fungi

Plastic-eating fungi, mainly from the genera Aspergillus and Pestalotiopsis, have shown the ability to break down polyurethane, a common type of plastic, in laboratory settings. In 2011, Pestalotiopsis microspora was found in the Amazon rainforest and was noted for its ability to degrade plastic even in low-oxygen environments. These fungi use enzymes like laccases to metabolize plastics, indicating they could be useful for bioremediation—using biological organisms to clean up pollution.

Mycoremediation is a field that applies fungi to clean up contaminated environments, harnessing their plastic-degrading abilities. Researchers are exploring these fungi as eco-friendly alternatives for recycling and tackling plastic waste. Other fungal species are also being studied for their potential to break down microplastics.

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