Japan On High Alert as STSS Infections Surge

June 18, 2024

Japan’s health officials are on high alert because the number of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) cases has increased significantly. STSS is a serious illness that usually ends in death. So far this year, on June 2, 977 cases have been reported, more than the 941 cases reported all last year. Because of this scary number, health officials and doctors are working extra hard to stop and understand how quickly this is spreading.

What is Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)?

STSS is a very bad disease brought on by group A Streptococcus bacteria infections. When these bacteria get into deep tissue or the bloodstream, they release strong toxins that cause a severe inflammatory reaction that quickly affects many organs. Most people don’t get this disease, and big risk factors include skin wounds and other health problems that lower immunity.

What are the Symptoms of STSS?

Within 24 to 48 hours, STSS symptoms start quickly and are very bad. They start with fever, chills, and muscle pain and then move on to nausea and vomiting. It gets so bad that low blood pressure, a fast heart rate, fast breathing, and the loss of multiple organs happen. For kids, the bacteria can cause strep throat, but for adults, it can lead to more serious health problems like major limb pain, tissue death, and organ failure.

Diagnosis of STSS

Diagnosing STSS is very important and is done with several tests, one of which is blood work to look for group A strep. To be sure of the diagnosis, there usually needs to be proof of a strep infection, low blood pressure, and problems with more than one organ, like problems with the kidneys or liver.

Treatment Options

To treat STSS, doctors have to take strong medical action. To fight the bacteria, strong medicines are usually given through an intravenous drip. As part of supportive treatments, fluids are given to keep blood pressure stable and help organs work better. In the worst situations, infected organs may need to be removed through surgery. Quick care is very important for increasing the chance of recovery and avoiding serious complications or death. Understanding and being aware of STSS, along with getting medical help right away, are important for successfully managing this life-threatening condition.

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