People’s Democratic Party Wins Bhutan Elections

January 25, 2024

On January 10th, the Election Commission declared the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) the winner with 30 out of 47 seats. The Bhutan Tendrel Party became the opposition party with 17 seats. This was the fourth National Assembly election since democratization.

Voter turnout reduced to 63% and 65.6% for the two rounds, from 66.36% and 71.46% in 2018.

Electoral System

Bhutan transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy in 2008. The bicameral parliament comprises the National Council (upper house) and National Assembly (lower house). National Assembly elections follow a two-round voting system – a primary round with all parties, and a general election between the top two.

Party Campaign Focus

The PDP focused on economic recovery through infrastructure development and private sector growth in its campaign. The new Bhutan Tendrel Party ran on vibrant governance, local empowerment and innovation.

Key Concerns

The main issues were the economic slowdown, high unemployment of 28.6%, stagnant tourism and private sector post-pandemic. Total debt levels stood at over 120% of GDP. Foreign reserves were declining, hampering imports. Decreasing fertility rates and high migration also posed demographic challenges.

PDP to Lead Government Again

With a caretaker administration currently, the election marks a smooth democratic transition. The PDP’s strong economic track record from 2013-18 has led to renewed public trust in its leadership under President Tshering Tobgay to tackle pressing challenges.

Policy Priorities Ahead

Having won a second term, the PDP government will focus on urgent economic, unemployment and debt issues through private sector growth, tourism revival and development projects. Tackling demographic changes will also be imperative.

India-Bhutan Ties

The election results are positive for India-Bhutan bilateral relations. The PDP has traditionally maintained close ties with India and promoted hydropower cooperation. Its victory signals continuity in this critical relationship.

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