US Vetoes Resolution on Gaza ceasefire

December 18, 2023

The recent UN resolution, with 153 nations in favor, 10 against, and 23 abstaining, highlighted the impact of veto powers, particularly the United States’ support for Israel.

What is Veto Power in the UNSC?

The UNSC, a vital UN organ, comprises five permanent members known as the P5 – the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China. These countries have veto powers, allowing them to block any resolution, even if it enjoys majority support. Resolutions passed by the UNSC are legally binding, setting it apart from the General Assembly.

Origins of Veto Powers

The idea of veto powers emerged during the drafting of the UN Charter in 1945. The P5, victorious in World War II, secured permanent seats due to their pivotal roles in establishing the UN. The creators believed that these nations would play key roles in maintaining international peace and security.

The Role of the P5

The P5’s historical significance stems from their contributions to defeating Germany, Italy, and Japan. The US, USSR (later Russia), and the UK took the lead in forming the UN, reserving certain privileges for themselves. The term “Four Policemen” was coined, emphasizing the active roles these nations needed to play in global peacekeeping.

Lobbying and Intelligence

Secret US files reveal that intelligence gathering and strategic lobbying were employed to secure veto rights. Washington argued that without the veto, powerful nations wouldn’t participate in the UN. The setup was designed to safeguard the interests of the great powers, shaping a UN that served their objectives.

Challenges and Criticisms

Over time, concerns arose about the exclusivity of veto powers. Some countries raised objections, warning against making small states satellites of the great powers. Efforts to amend the veto power have been limited, challenging the dominance of the entrenched P5.

Why hasn’t the Veto Power Changed?

Despite criticisms and calls for reform, the veto power structure remains unchanged. Challenges to the dominance of the P5 have not succeeded, as these nations maintain influence and resist alterations that could dilute their power. The evolving global landscape, with more nations gaining independence, calls for a reimagined UNSC structure with greater representation and reduced dominance.

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