Climate Change Displacing Animals

November 9, 2023

A recent analysis published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution sheds light on the profound consequences of extreme weather events, exacerbated by climate change, on native and non-native species. As our planet experiences an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events like heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, and floods, ecosystems are undergoing significant transformations.

The Significance of Research

Conducted by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this research underscores the critical importance of studying the repercussions of extreme weather on ecosystems. Although this field of study is still in its early stages, it plays a pivotal role in comprehending how global warming is impacting biodiversity.

Alarming Discoveries

The research team examined 443 studies encompassing 1,852 native and 187 non-native species across diverse habitats. The findings revealed that non-native species generally exhibit more favorable responses to extreme weather or, at the very least, experience fewer adverse effects. Native terrestrial animals were particularly vulnerable to heatwaves, cold spells, and droughts, while native freshwater animals proved susceptible to most extreme events, except cold spells. In contrast, non-native terrestrial animals were primarily affected by heatwaves, and non-native freshwater animals mainly suffered from storms. Non-native marine animals displayed relatively lower sensitivity to disturbances.

Factors Favoring Non-Native Species

Non-native organisms’ ability to withstand extreme weather events can be attributed to their characteristics, such as high reproduction rates, adaptability in behavior and physiology, and greater tolerance for disturbances. These attributes equip them to thrive when native species are negatively impacted by extreme events.

Caution in Interpretation

While the study has received acclaim, some researchers urge caution in drawing definitive conclusions. The majority of the studies examined originated from North America and Western Europe, leaving gaps in our understanding of ecological impacts in other regions. Researchers stress the need for a more globally inclusive study to provide a comprehensive perspective.

Dynamic Ecosystems

Ecosystems are in a constant state of flux, and natural disasters often play a role in maintaining species balance. It is crucial to consider whether the measured responses in the studies capture long-term ecosystem changes or represent transient dynamics following disturbances.

Safeguarding Native Species

This study underscores the urgency of monitoring areas affected by extreme weather events and prioritizing efforts to aid the recovery of native species. By promoting recovery and preventing the disappearance of vulnerable native species, there is an opportunity for these species to adapt to the evolving weather patterns driven by climate change.

Global Impact of Invasive Species

A report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the United Nations highlights the global economic losses exceeding $423 billion annually due to thousands of invasive species introduced to new ecosystems. These invaders harm nature, disrupt food systems, and pose threats to human health.

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