HF Radio Propagation Model

June 17, 2023

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have created a groundbreaking model for the transmission of radio waves through the ionosphere. This breakthrough not only has the potential to estimate the impact of space weather but also plays a crucial role in facilitating the planning and operation of High Frequency (HF) radio communications.

Understanding the Ionosphere and HF Communications

The ionosphere is a region of Earth’s upper atmosphere that acts as a gateway for radio communication between the ground and space. It plays a pivotal role in enabling long-distance HF communications beyond the horizon, through the reflection of radio waves. This phenomenon is known as Skywave communications, which is vital for various applications, including communication during natural disasters and mid-ocean surveillance.

Addressing Space Weather Challenges

Skywave communications are significantly influenced by space weather phenomena like solar flares, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), and geomagnetic storms. To tackle this challenge, the IIG scientists have developed a model that estimates the effects of space weather on the ionosphere and its impact on HF radio communication systems.

Revealing the Ionospheric Depletion

In a notable study published in the journal Space Weather, the IIG scientists revealed a deep depletion of the ionosphere over the Indian sub-continent region on March 17, 2015, caused by a severe geomagnetic storm. The HF radio wave propagation model developed by the IIG indicates that this depletion can lead to the limitation of the usable HF spectrum by over 50% during disturbed periods. Additionally, the skip-zones, where Skywave signals are not receivable, expand, resulting in the loss of communications.

Enhancing Communication Strategies

The importance of the HF radio propagation model lies in its ability to aid in the planning of strategies for reliable Skywave communication systems during active space weather periods. By understanding the effects of space weather on the ionosphere, communication operators can make informed decisions to ensure uninterrupted communication, especially during natural disasters and emergencies.

Promoting Efficiency and Reliability

This development by the IIG holds immense significance for the efficient operation of HF radio communications. By estimating the impact of space weather and understanding the limitations during disturbed periods, operators can plan and implement strategies to optimize communication systems. This leads to increased reliability and effectiveness in critical scenarios. Scientists at the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have achieved a significant milestone with the development of a new model for radio wave propagation through the ionosphere.

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