Factors Influencing World Distribution of Plants and Animals
The world is home to a vast array of plant and animal species, each with its own unique characteristics and adaptations. The distribution of these species is influenced by a complex set of factors, including climate, geography, and evolutionary history.
Climate
Climate is one of the most important factors that influences the distribution of plants and animals. Different species have evolved to thrive in different temperature and precipitation regimes. For example, tropical rainforests are home to a diverse array of plant and animal species that are adapted to the warm, wet conditions found in these regions. In contrast, deserts are home to species that are adapted to hot, dry conditions.
Geography
Geography also plays a major role in the distribution of plants and animals. Islands, for example, often have unique flora and fauna that have evolved in isolation from mainland species. This is known as island biogeography. Mountains can also influence species distribution, as they create distinct habitats at different elevations, each with its own set of plant and animal species.
Evolutionary History
The evolutionary history of a species can also influence its distribution. Species that evolved in a particular region are often better adapted to the environmental conditions found in that region than species that evolved elsewhere. For example, many of the plant and animal species found in Australia are unique to that continent, having evolved in isolation for millions of years.
Human Activities
Human activities can also influence the distribution of plants and animals. For example, deforestation can lead to the loss of habitat for many plant and animal species. In addition, the introduction of non-native species can disrupt native ecosystems and displace native species.
Climate Change
Climate change is an increasingly important factor that is affecting the distribution of plants and animals around the world. As temperatures and precipitation patterns change, many species are shifting their ranges in response. For example, many bird species are migrating earlier in the spring, as temperatures warm, while some plant species are moving to higher elevations to escape the warming temperatures.
Conservation
Conservation efforts can play an important role in preserving the distribution of plants and animals. Protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves can help to preserve the habitats of many species, while also providing opportunities for scientific research and ecotourism. In addition, restoration efforts such as reforestation and habitat restoration can help to restore degraded habitats and promote the recovery of plant and animal species.
