Daily UPSC Prelims Current Affairs – November 26-27-28, 2022 [Mock Test]
December 3, 2022 December 3, 2022
1. Which of the following mechanisms has/have been used to address the “Polluter Pays” principle?
- Climate reparations principle
- UNFCCC
- Warsaw International Mechanism
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 2
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:- Climate reparations refer to a call for money to be paid by the Global North to the Global South as a means of addressing the historical contributions that the Global North has made (and continues to make) toward climate change.
- Demand for compensation for loss and damage from climate disasters is an extension of the universally acknowledged “Polluter Pays” principle (polluter liable for paying for remedial action and compensating the victims)
- UNFCCC (1994) explicitly acknowledges that rich countries must provide both finance and technology to developing nations to help them tackle climate change.
- Under this, $100 billion amount, the rich countries agreed to provide every year to the developing world. (But not yet fulfilled)
- Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) for Loss and Damages (2013) was the first formal acknowledgement of the need to compensate developing countries struck by climate disasters.
2. With respect to the iNCOVACC vaccine for COVID, consider the following statements:
- It is the world’s first homologous intranasal vaccine for COVID.
- It is a mRNA vaccine.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:- iNCOVACC is the world’s first Intranasal vaccine for COVID to receive approval for the primary 2-dose schedule and the heterologous booster dose. iNCOVACC is a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus vectored vaccine with a pre-fusion stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This vaccine candidate was evaluated in phases I, II, and III clinical trials with successful results.
- Recombinant vaccines are protein or DNA recombinants that are produced by expression in bacterial or yeast systems.
3. Consider the following statements:
- Legionellosis is a cancer-like illness.
- The disease typically spreads via inhalation of contaminated aerosols from contaminated air.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:- Legionellosis is a “pneumonia-like illness that varies in severity from mild febrile illness to a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia,” according to the WHO.
- The disease typically spreads via inhalation of contaminated aerosols from contaminated water, which could come from — air conditioning cooling towers, evaporative condensers associated with air conditioning and industrial cooling, hot and cold water systems, humidifiers and whirlpool spas.
- Direct human-to-human transmission of this disease has not yet been reported, according to the WHO.
