In the last two decades, the population in the Southern states has stabilised, however it still remains a dream for the northern states. Analyse the reasons behind this trend.
India is the second most populous country in the world and is projected to surpass China and become the most populous by 2030.
Population trends:
- Declining growth ratio in Southern states – Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.
- Rapid growth in Northern belt – UP, Bihar, MP.
- Decreasing total fertility rate across states.
- Sizeable elderly population in states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Reasons:
- Lower literacy rates and education levels in northern states, vis-a-vis Southern states.
- Poor access to contraceptives and healthcare.
- Limited focus on family planning measures and maternal care.
- Stagnant levels of income and unemployment in northern India.
- Low family planning awareness among people.
Steps taken:
- UP’s population policy.
- Population control measures in Assam.
- Raised access to contraceptives.
The goal of population control is at the core of SDG-1, no poverty.