National Wetlands Conservation Programme
The National Wetland Conservation Programme is an initiative launched by the Government of India in 1985 to conserve and wisely use the country’s wetlands.
Objectives
- Identification and survey of wetlands
- Conservation and restoration measures
- Sustainable management of water resources
- Building capacity at local, state and national levels
- Ongoing research and monitoring
- Development of legal frameworks
Key Wetlands under NWCP
Some of the key wetlands included under NWCP are:
Chilika Lake
- Largest coastal lagoon in India
- Important stopover site for migratory birds on East Asia-Australasia Flyway
- Supports Irrawaddy dolphins and rich biodiversity
- Included under the Ramsar Convention in 1981
Sundarbans Wetland
- Largest mangrove forest in the world
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Home to Royal Bengal Tiger and endangered species
- Vital role in reducing impact of cyclones
- Included under the Ramsar Convention in 2019
Keoladeo National Park
- Important breeding site for waterfowls and waders
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Placed under Montreux Record due to threats of habitat degradation
- Included under the Ramsar Convention in 1981
Other key wetlands under the NWCP are Loktak Lake, Kaziranga National Park and Bhitarkanika Mangroves.
Progress and Challenges
The NWCP has aided identification and monitoring of several wetlands across India. The program has also supported habitat restoration efforts and built capacities of various stakeholders. However, many wetlands face continued threats from pollution, encroachment and unsustainable water usage. Achieving long-term conservation requires involving local communities, ongoing research and stronger legal protections. Integrating wetland conservation plans with development programs also remains a key challenge.
